Richard J. Samuels argues that, with the end of the Cold War, Japan's security policy was thrown into flux, a state from which it has yet to emerge. All that is clear is that whatever direction things go, they will not remain the same. If the Yoshida doctrine ("cheap-riding," or letting the USA take care of Japan's security concerns while Japan takes care of business) survives at all it will be in a truncated form, and indeed it has, in Samuels's phrase, already been "salami-sliced" down to a nub of what it once was.